CR SET 4

31. Which of the following most logically completes the argument?
Ferber's syndrome, a viral disease that frequently affects cattle, is
transmitted to these animals through infected
feed. Even though chickens commercially raised for meat are often fed
the type of feed identified as the source
of infection in cattle, Ferber's syndrome is only rarely observed in
chickens. This fact, however, does not
indicate that most chickens are immune to the virus that causes
Ferber's syndrome, since .
(A) chickens and cattle are not the only kinds of farm animal that are
typically fed the type of feed liable to be
contaminated with the virus that causes Ferber's syndrome
(B) Ferber's syndrome has been found in animals that have not been fed
the type of feed liable to be
contaminated with the virus that can cause the disease
(C) resistance to some infectious organisms such as the virus that
causes Ferber's syndrome can be acquired
by exposure to a closely related infectious organism
(D) chickens and cattle take more than a year to show symptoms of
Ferber's syndrome, and chickens
commercially raised for meat, unlike cattle, are generally brought to
market during the first year of life
(E) the type of feed liable to be infected with the virus that causes
Ferber's syndrome generally constitutes a
larger proportion of the diet of commercially raised chickens than of
commercially raised cattle

32. Last year the rate of inflation was 1.2 percent, but for the
current year it has been 4 percent. We can conclude
that inflation is on an upward trend and the rate will be still higher
next year.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the conclusion above?
(A) The inflation figures were computed on the basis of a
representative sample of economic data rather than
all of the available data.
(B) Last year a dip in oil prices brought inflation temporarily below
its recent stable annual level of 4 percent.
(C) Increases in the pay of some workers are tied to the level of
inflation, and at an inflation rate of 4 percent
or above, these pay raises constitute a force causing further inflation.
(D) The 1.2 percent rate of inflation last year represented a 10-year low.
(E) Government intervention cannot affect the rate of inflation to any
significant degree.

33. Which of the following most logically completes the argument below?
Although the number of large artificial satellites orbiting the Earth
is small compared to the number of small
pieces of debris in orbit, the large satellites interfere more
seriously with telescope observations because of the
strong reflections they produce. Because many of those large
satellites have ceased to function, the proposal
has recently been made to eliminate interference from nonfunctioning
satellites by exploding them in space.
This proposal, however, is ill conceived, since .
(A) many nonfunctioning satellites remain in orbit for years
(B) for satellites that have ceased to function, repairing them while
they are in orbit would be prohibitively
expensive
(C) there are no known previous instances of satellites' having been
exploded on purpose
(D) the only way to make telescope observations without any
interference from debris in orbit is to use
telescopes launched into extremely high orbits around the Earth
(E) a greatly increased number of small particles in Earth's orbit
would result in a blanket of reflections that
would make certain valuable telescope observations impossible


34. Thyrian lawmaker: Thyria's Cheese Importation Board inspects all
cheese shipments to Thyria and rejects
shipments not meeting specified standards. Yet only 1 percent is ever
rejected. Therefore, since the health
consequences and associated economic costs of not rejecting that 1
percent are negligible, whereas the
board's operating costs are considerable, for economic reasons alone
the board should be disbanded.
Consultant: I disagree. The threat of having their shipments rejected
deters many cheese exporters from
shipping substandard product.
The consultant responds to the lawmaker's argument by
(A) rejecting the lawmaker's argument while proposing that the
standards according to which the board
inspects imported cheese should be raised
(B) providing evidence that the lawmaker's argument has significantly
overestimated the cost of maintaining
the board
(C) objecting to the lawmaker's introducing into the discussion
factors that are not strictly economic
(D) pointing out a benefit of maintaining the board, which the
lawmaker's argument has failed to consider
(E) shifting the discussion from the argument at hand to an attack on
the integrity of the cheese inspectors


35. Which of the following best completes the passage below?
The computer industry's estimate that it loses millions of dollars
when users illegally copy programs without
paying for them is greatly exaggerated. Most of the illegal copying is
done by people with no serious interest in
the programs. Thus, the loss to the industry is quite small, because .
(A) many users who illegally copy programs never find any use for them
(B) most people who illegally copy programs would not purchase them
even if purchasing them were the only
way to obtain them
(C) even if the computer industry received all the revenue it claims
to be losing, it would still be experiencing
financial difficulties
(D) the total market value of all illegal copies is low in comparison
to the total revenue of the computer
industry
(E) the number of programs that are frequently copied illegally is low
in comparison to the number of
programs available for sale



36. The growing popularity of computer-based activities was widely
expected to result in a decline in television
viewing, since it had been assumed that people lack sufficient free
time to maintain current television-viewing
levels while spending increasing amounts of free time on the computer.
That assumption, however, is evidently
false: In a recent mail survey concerning media use, a very large
majority of respondents who report increasing
time spent per week using computers report no change in time spent
watching television.
Which of the following would it be most useful to determine in order
to evaluate the argument?
(A) Whether a large majority of the survey respondents reported
watching television regularly
(B) Whether the amount of time spent watching television is declining
among people who report that they
rarely or never use computers
(C) Whether the type of television programs a person watches tends to
change as the amount of time spent
per week using computers increases
(D) Whether a large majority of the computer owners in the survey
reported spending increasing amounts of
time per week using computers
(E) Whether the survey respondents' reports of time spent using
computers included time spent using
computers at work


37. In the last decade there has been a significant decrease in coffee
consumption. During this same time, there
has been increasing publicity about the adverse long-term effects on
health of the caffeine in coffee.
Therefore, the decrease in coffee consumption must have been caused by
consumers' awareness of the
harmful effects of caffeine.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously calls into question
the explanation above?
(A) On average, people consume 30 percent less coffee today than they
did 10 years ago.
(B) Heavy coffee drinkers may have mild withdrawal symptoms, such as
headaches, for a day or so after
significantly decreasing their coffee consumption.
(C) Sales of specialty types of coffee have held steady as sales of
regular brands have declined.
(D) The consumption of fruit juices and caffeine-free herbal teas has
increased over the past decade.
(E) Coffee prices increased steadily in the past decade because of
unusually severe frosts in coffee-growing
nations.


38. Which of the following best completes the passage below?
When the products of several competing suppliers are perceived by
consumers to be essentially the same,
classical economics predicts that price competition will reduce prices
to the same minimal levels and all
suppliers' profits to the same minimal levels. Therefore, if classical
economics is true, and given suppliers'
desire to make as much profit as possible, it should be expected that .
(A) in a crowded market widely differing prices will be charged for
products that are essentially the same as
each other
(B) as a market becomes less crowded as suppliers leave, the profits of
the remaining suppliers will tend to
decrease
(C) each supplier in a crowded market will try to convince consumers
that its product differs significantly from
its competitors' products.
(D) when consumers are unable to distinguish the products in a crowded
market, consumers will judge that
the higher-priced products are of higher quality
(E) suppliers in crowded markets will have more incentive to reduce
prices and thus increase sales than to
introduce innovations that would distinguish their product from their
competitors' products

39. Which of the following most logically completes the argument?
Sviatovin is a medieval Moringian text whose author and exact date of
composition are unknown. However, the
events in the life of Prince Sviatov that the text describes occurred
in 1165, and in the diagram of Sviatov's
family that accompanies the text his father, who died in 1167, is
identified as still living. Thus Sviatovin must
have been written between 1165 and 1167, assuming that .
(A) the life of Prince Sviatov is not the subject of any other
medieval Moringian texts
(B) the author of Sviatovin intended it to provide as accurate a
report about Prince Sviatov's exploits as
possible
(C) the diagram accurately represents the composition of Sviatov's
family at the time Sviatovin was written
(D) Sviatovin is the earliest Moringian text whose composition can be
dated to within a few years
(E) Sviatovin was not written by Sviatov's father himself


40. Crowding on Mooreville's subway frequently leads to delays,
because it is difficult for passengers to exit from
the trains. Subway ridership is projected to increase by 20 percent
over the next 10 years. The Mooreville
Transit Authority plans to increase the number of daily train trips by
only 5 percent over the same period.
Officials predict that this increase is sufficient to ensure that the
incidence of delays due to crowding does not
increase.
Which of the following, if true, provides the strongest grounds for
the officials' prediction?
(A) By changing maintenance schedules, the Transit Authority can
achieve the 5 percent increase in train trips
without purchasing any new subway cars.
(B) The Transit Authority also plans a 5 percent increase in the
number of bus trips on routes that connect to
subways.
(C) For most commuters who use the subway system, there is no
practical alternative public transportation
available.
(D) Most of the projected increase in ridership is expected to occur
in off-peak hours when trains are now
sparsely used.
(E) The 5 percent increase in the number of train trips can be
achieved without an equal increase in Transit