MOCK UVW

21. Given below is a paragraph from which the last sentence has been
deleted. From the given options, choose the one that completes the
paragraph in the most appropriate way.priate way.

Though these worries often seem very different from those of the real
world, we are not in fact talking about dangers that weren't there
before. The single most important thing that parents can do is to
bring up their children to be sensible and savvy - these are precisely
the qualities that they need in order to know right from wrong (and
scary situations from safe situations) when they are online.
______________

a. By nature, children have an innate curiosity about the real world.
b. Almost as important is to keep the lines of communication open.
c. As the internet allows children to communicate on a global scale,
parents need to increase considerably their own levels of
communication with children, and to show an interest in what they are
doing online.
d. A no-blame policy is also a must, so that if they do encounter
chatroom imposters and online bullies, or expose you to bankruptcy, at
least you have a chance of finding out in time to prevent lasting
damage.

22. Given below are five sentences or parts of sentences that form a
paragraph. Identify the sentence(s) or part(s) of sentence(s) that
is/are correct in terms of grammar and usage. Then, choose the most
appropriate option.

1. In every democratic and more-or-less secular countries,
2. similar questions arise about precise extent to which religious sub-cultures
3. should be allowed to live on their own rules and laws.
4. One set of questions emerge when believers demand, and often get,
5. an opt-out from the law of the land.

a. 3 & 5 b. 3 only c. 5 only d. 2, 3 & 5

DIRECTIONS for Questions 23 to 25: Read the passage given below and
choose the best answers for the questions that follow.

On the first page of the novel I am writing, I describe a horse — a
gray mare named Mathilde. The mare is not a principal character in my
novel; on page 23, when she briefly reappears in the hold of a ship
crossing the Atlantic Ocean on her way to South America, I may, in the
confusion of a stormy passage, easily forget about her and call her a
pony; worse still, on page 84 where Mathilde is galloping on the
plains of the Gran Chaco in Paraguay, I could have her become a filly.
My point is that there is a huge difference between a mare, a pony and
a filly. My Mathilde is long-legged, elegant, reliable, whereas a pony
is tricky, often mean and tends to nip, and a filly is skittish,
untrained, ready to bolt and do who knows what.

Misspellings and inaccurate quotations and/or inaccurately rendered
foreign phrases (and the writer herself is often the one to notice
these most) stop the reader cold on the page. The same is true of
typos.

Writing consistently goes beyond getting the facts right. "If it is
one, say one," says a Chinese proverb (and not eighteen minus
seventeen nor five-sixths plus one-sixth). This is not, I think, a
question of keeping it simple but of making it as true as possible.
Not an easy task: At every turn, the sentence invites me to show how
much I know, to show how smart I think I am; every metaphor, every
analogy has the potential for fraudulence. Adverbs are hills I must
climb to get to my destination; adjectives are furniture blocking my
way. English is a naming language; its power derives from nouns.

"Art," Ken Kesey said, "is a lie in the service of truth," a statement
which may appear to be contradictory but is not. Interesting, too, how
often a true story sounds both false and boring while a lie sounds
quite plausible.; the truth is right there in front of your nose. A
lie is more trouble. As the liar/writer, I have to convince. I have to
appear sincere and be twice as clever so as not to get caught. One way
of doing this is to use a lot of details, to distract the reader:
"Making things up — as in fiction — sounds easy and like fun and it
may be at first. By page three, to say nothing of by chapter five or
six, I guarantee, it becomes harder and harder to sustain that lie or
whatever the story is that you have made up. Harder still to continue
to sustain the belief of your reader as well as to convince him of the
worth of your endeavor; hardest of all for him to trust you with it.

In my case, some of my writing is based on my experience .And if I'm
successful, in the end, I won't be able to remember — like a good
liar, I suppose — what is true and what is made up. Or I like to write
about stuff the average reader may not know a whole lot about: Sufis,
Thai culinary customs, Guarani lace-making. Or I do a lot of research
and then try my damndest to hide it all — another form of deceit —
because every fact, every date, every statistic (however accurate and
consistent) in fiction is like a stone hurled into the hull of a boat
and with each stone the boat sinks further in the water.


23. It can be inferred that the author talks about the mistakes with
the horse, filly and mare in order to

a. Present herself as an easygoing person who is not afraid to admit
to her mistakes
b. Showcase instances where she had also committed mistakes
c. Highlight the details that need to be taken care of while writing a book
d. Provide a framework for young writers

24. What does the author mean by saying "English is a naming language"?

a. English is most conducive to indulge in name-calling.
b. The main focus of English literature is names.
c. The power of name-calling is immense in English.
d. English is most suited to talking about different people.

25. What is the author trying to convey by using the imagery of
throwing stones into a boat, which sinks further to talk about
fiction?

a. It becomes more and more difficult to hide the truth.
b. Each section makes the story more accurate.
c. The stones indicate the burden of being a writer.
d. The feeling of claustrophobia and entrapment as a writer.

26. Given below are five sentences or parts of sentences that form a
paragraph. Identify the sentence(s) or part(s) of sentence(s) that
is/are correct in terms of grammar and usage (including spelling,
punctuation and logical consistency). Then, choose the most
appropriate option.

1. What lies in this loss of faith?

2. One cause is the feeling that an overly loose monetary policy got
the economy into this mess.
3. Repeated cuts in interest rates during the last downturn, while in
2000-03, fuelled the
4. housing and credit bubbles that are now bursting to such damaging affect.
5. The legacies of that boom—falling asset prices, high consumer debt
and bank losses—may now hamper the ability of central banks to prop
the spending.

a. 1 & 2 b. 2, 3 & 5 c. 3 & 4
d. 2 only

DIRECTIONS for Questions 28 to 30: Read the passage given below and
choose the best answers for the questions that follow.

Nothing about global warming is simple, alas. Meteorological models
fry the circuits of the largest supercomputers. Feedback loops and
anomalies turbocharge an ill-tempered debate about what will happen
where and when.. Unfortunately, the technology of climate change is no
simpler than anything else. A field that you may think is governed by
level-headed, spreadsheet-wielding engineers is alarmingly prone to
zealotry and taboos.

Climate change is too important and too complex to yield to either. It
used to be an article of faith in the motor industry that
hydrogen-powered fuel cells were the green future, and companies spent
billions of dollars on the technology. But it turns out that fuel
cells have three Achilles heels. The first is the chicken-and-egg
problem that, as there are virtually no hydrogen filling-stations,
there are no hydrogen cars—and hence there is no reason to build the
filling-stations. Then comes the cost of hydrogen-based vehicles. Just
the platinum for the catalyst inside a fuel cell costs as much as an
internal combustion engine of equivalent power, according to a recent
study. And producing hydrogen from natural gas creates a lot of carbon
dioxide—about double what a small, petrol-based car emits.

One day hydrogen may be produced from the electrolysis of water. But
it would have to be transported and stored, which would require a new
infrastructure. The plan mapped out by the car industry may not be as
technologically elegant as the fuel cell, but it has the merit that it
is based on technology that works, is not expensive and can use
existing infrastructure. Elsewhere, however, the taboos still rule.
Nowhere more so than in geo-engineering, the idea of combating global
warming by altering the climate by, say, absorbing carbon dioxide in
the oceans, or reflecting sunlight back into space. This involves
fantastic sounding schemes,. Scientists and policymakers have been
reluctant even to discuss the subject—much less research it, because
they worry that it could cause more problems than it solves and that
it will give politicians an excuse to avoid curbing carbon emissions.

Both fears are reasonable.. Some forms of geo-engineering may in fact
turn out to be easier and cheaper than widespread global curbs on
climate emissions-though they may still be unacceptably risky. Only
research can tell. As for the politics, geo-engineering cannot just be
put back in its box. But yes, it is research which can offer a
solution to problems which are complex and lack a single answer.

28. According to the passage, the technology of climate change is not
a simple field because

a. It is governed by spreadsheet-wielding engineers.
b. It is too complicated and too vital to succumb to governance.
c. It is susceptible to zealotry and taboos.
d. It requires a global agreement on emissions.

29. According to the passage, why are the hydrogen-powered fuel cells
no longer the green future?

a. Because billions of dollars were spent on the technology.
b. Because there is the chicken-and-egg problem.
c. Because there are no hydrogen cars.
d. Because there are three problems with the technology.

30. Which of the following is not a reason for the debacle of the fuel
cells in the passage?

a. The platinum catalyst cell costs as much as an internal-combustion engine.
b. Producing hydrogen from natural gas creates a lot of carbondioxide.
c. There are virtually no hydrogen filling-stations and cars.
d. The fuel cell technology combats climate change.

DIRECTIONS for Question 31 and 32: The sentences given below, when
properly sequenced, form a coherent paragraph. Each sentence is
labelled with a number. Choose the most logical order of sentences
among the given choices to construct a coherent paragraph.

31. 1. In art, essentialism is the idea that certain concepts may be
expressed organically in certain media.

2. Each medium has its own particular strengths and weaknesses,
contingent on its mode of communication.

3. This idea may be further refined and it may be said that the haiku
is a poor vehicle for describing a
lover's affection as opposed to the more organically correct sonnet.

4. Essentialism is attractive to artists because it not only
delineates the role of art and media but also prescribes a method for
evaluating art.

5. A chase scene may be appropriate for motion pictures, but poorly
realised in poetry because the essential components of the poetic
medium are ill suited to convey the information of a chase scene.

a. 24135 b. 41253 c. 12543 d. 12534

32. 1. Many animals possess protective markings to avoid predation,
including patterns to reduce the risk of detection, to indicate that
the animal is toxic or inedible, or to mimic another animal or object.

2. Many eyespots are effective in startling or intimidating predators,
and can help to prevent or stop an attack.

3. In addition, many creatures such as butterflies, moths, and fish
possess two or more pairs of circular markings, often referred to as
'eyespots'.

4. For the past 150 years it has been assumed that this is because
they mimic the eyes of the predator's own enemies.

a. 1324 b. 4213 c. 2314 d. 3124

DIRECTIONS for Questions 33 to 35: Read the passage given below and
choose the best answers for the questions that follow.

Waleed Rally says that the genius of American patriotism is that it
manages to be inclusive. The same cannot easily be said of Australian
patriotism, and certainly cannot be said of the European version,
which is so often expressed in moral panics about the supposed
disloyalty of migrants. He then asks:

What accounts for the difference? At first blush, the answer is as
simple as it is patriotically appealing: that the patriotism of
minorities simply mirrors the patriotism of the majority. That is,
patriotism is a result of social pressure. If we only demand it
stridently enough, our minorities will learn to love us. Or, to put it
more acerbically, multiculturalism is a death wish. Such has been the
diagnosis of a thousand culture warriors in recent years. Europe's
flirtation with multiculturalism has killed its sense of self and
allowed its recalcitrant minorities to disappear into a fog of
cultural relativism and escape any sense of loyalty to the nation.
Europe's multiculturalism is even said to have fostered subcultures
hostile to it.

There is something different operating in America, something more
subtle, complex and ingenious than the brutish social politics of
monoculturalism. Something that is not ultimately about
multiculturalism or migration, but about a more comprehensive
phenomenon: national identity. There is something in the way America
thinks and talks about itself that enables widespread national loyalty
and astonishing diversity to coexist. Even its rioters rarely shun
their American identity; instead, they assert their place in the
nation.

America, like Australia, New Zealand and Canada, is part of the New
World and created from settlement (or conquest) and migration. This
creates a fundamentally different dynamic, for it is immediately
apparent that there is nothing organic about these nations. The
vanquished indigenous aside, everyone is a migrant to some degree,
which necessarily fosters a more fluid, open notion of national
identity: one that is not so firmly anchored in ethnicity as in
Europe. Yet this does not explain why the United States should be any
different to Australia.

Rally says that America has its creed, but one that corresponds to no
particular religious tradition. It is a civil creed constructed on the
central political idea of individual liberty. The US was settled by
people fleeing religious persecution in Europe; it was thus almost
inevitable that freedom, especially of religion, would become the new
nation's touchstone. A people who had struggled to attain religious
freedom could not easily found a nation on principles that denied that
right to others: Theirs is a sense of self that is forward-looking,
oriented towards constant improvement.

In contrast the message of Australia's staunchest patriots is that
ours is a great country with a great history and no need for change.
It is a message that replicates the European sense of national self,
one bound in a fixed history. The history wars were so intense in
Australia for the very reason that our sense of national pride is not
forward-looking.

33. In the passage, the author is primarily concerned with which of
the following ?

a. Criticizing European and Australian patriotism
b. Attempting to learn from American patriotism.
c. Exploring the contrast between American and Australian patriotism.
d. Appreciating American patriotism in contrast with European and
Australian patriotism.

34. The contextual meaning of the word 'organic' in the passage is closest to ?

a. Being Fluid in terms of cultural values.
b. Having Rigid Principles
c. Being Traditional and having common values.
d. Having Evolved together with a common history.

35. Which of the following cannot be inferred from the passage ?

a. Europe has supported the theme of multiculturalism which has led to
a fractured sense of national identity.
b. The sense of National Pride in America makes American people
identify with the nation more than anything else .
c. Australia's sense of National Pride is rooted in the past whereas
America's sense of National Pride is forward-looking.
d. None of the above.

36. The sentences given below, when properly sequenced, form a
coherent paragraph. Each sentence is labelled with a number. Choose
the most logical order of sentences from among the given choices to
construct a coherent paragraph.

1. In effect, labour becomes warm hot bodies applying muscle not brains.
2. Education and training adds to the stock of 'human capital'.
3. In conventional terms, labour refers to the physical and mental
effort of a human being applied to the production of goods and
services.
4. Labour, unlike capital, has been subject to definitional reduction
through time rather than expansion.
5. Similarly, entrepreneurship and management have become detached from labour.

a. 25431 b. 34251 c. 43512 d. 13254

37. Given below is a paragraph from which the last sentence has been
deleted. From the given options, choose the one that completes the
paragraph in the most appropriate way.

But it is important to mention that the European commission is the
leading voice in the "chorus" calling for sustainability criteria - by
establishing such criteria for biofuels that can be consumed in the
EU. The new directive for renewable energy sources will call for the
promotion of only sustainable biofuels, i.e. those that save at least
35% CO2 compared to the oil that would be consumed instead.
______________

a. The commission strongly disagrees with the assumption that the
overall environmental effect of existing biofuel policy is negative.
b. The directive also stresses on the renewal of unconventional
sources of energy, bringing into limelight the wind energy.
c. Today there are only three ways to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
from transport: the shift to less polluting and more energy efficient
modes of transport (i.e. rail, sea shipping, public transport); the
promotion of less consuming cars through CO2 /km targets; and
biofuels.
d. At the same time the directive will include robust sustainability
standards to prevent damaging land - use change and the destruction of
rainforests.

39. The sentences given below, when properly sequenced, form a
coherent paragraph. Each sentence is labelled with a number. Choose
the most logical order of sentences from among the given choices to
construct a coherent paragraph.

1. Ignorance is the opposite of knowledge, i.e., want of knowledge.
2. To deal with uncertainty and ignorance economists have recognized
the entrepreneur as possessing this non-rational form of knowledge.
3. Like some ancient priest-king, the entrepreneur 'knows' the future
and leads his people.
4. Entrepreneurial knowledge is essentially intuitive.
5. It involves seeing and realizing a vision of future markets,
products and/or other opportunities.

a. 32145 b. 43125 c. 12453 d. 45123


40. \ The word given in bold is used in four different ways, lettered
a to d. Choose the option in which the usage of the word is INCORRECT
or INAPPROPRIATE.

Cut
a. One must cut down on one's intake of alcohol to lead a healthy life.
b. Manoj is not cut out to be a teacher.
c. During the discussion my opponent kept cutting in.
d. Mr. Sharma cut his heirs out without a penny.