41. c In the given sentence the only suitable word for the second
blank is "consequences" for a simple reason that the
experimental results cannot be foundations/conditions/
adjuncts of anything. This negates all the options except option
(c). 'Illuminate' means to make clear; explain; elucidate.
42. d There is no error in any of the sentences.
43. d The author is exploring why patriotism in America is different
and more inclusive as compared to that in Australia and Europe.
This is the main theme. The author also shows a slight
preference of American Patriotism to that of Europe and
Australia. This leads us to option (d). Option (a) is not the
primary objective of the author. The author does not use harsh
words to criticize Europe or Australia. Option (b) is too general.
The attempt is not to learn but to study the difference in
patriotism among America, Australia and Europe. Option (c)
again is part of the discussion but does not encompass the
whole of the passage.
44. d The context here is that nations like America have been created
from migration and settlement and hence there is nothing
organic about them. 'Organic' in the context would take a
sense of 'having a common history/tradition/culture/ ancestry'
for the people of a particular country (of the 'New World').
Option (a) conveys the opposite of the intended meaning.
Option (b) is incorrect as we are talking of common principles/
tradition/evolution and not 'rigid principles'. As regards option
(c), the author is not worried about the outlook of people—
whether they are traditional /modern in outlook. But he is
definitely indicating that the entire population has not evolved
in a similar way and the people do not have a common history,
which renders (d) correct.
45. b Statements B, C and D are implied by the author in the fourth
paragraph where the author brings out the similarities between
US and Australian backgrounds as opposed to that of Europe.
A can be eliminated as it speaks about a characteristic that is
peculiar only to the US.
46. d Option (a) can be inferred from Para 2. Option (b) can be
inferred from the 3rd paragraph. Option (c) can be inferred
from the last 2 paras of the passage.
47. b 'Chorale' means a formal song written to be sung by a choir,
especially in a church. A 'corral' is an enclosure for cattle or
horses.
In the sentence 2, - 'mendicity' is the correct word, as we
read in the sentence, 'little boys asking charity...the country
had swarmed with beggars'. While 'mendicity' is - the state of
being a beggar or mendicant 'mendacity' is - the act of not
telling the truth. E.g,- Politicians are often accused of
'mendacity'.
In the sentence 3, the correct word is -'derisive', which means
mocking; jeering. While 'derisive' means mocking or conveying
contempt, 'derisory' means laughable; ridiculous. 'Derisory' is
used for something that invites contempt or scorn.
In the sentence 4, the systems of old India can be 'abstruse'
(difficult to understand) and not 'obtuse' (witless or unwilling
to try to understand).
In sentence 5, 'bawl' means to sob loudly; 'bowl' means to
hurl a cricket ball from one end of the pitch towards the
batsman at the other end.
48. b Keep in mind the first and last sentence of the paragraph
where the author explains that his emotions made him a writer
which means that, earlier, he was not a writer. So, option (a)
can be ruled out because if he was not a writer in the first
place then his preference of getting inspired (to write) by
facts does not even arise.
Option (b) is the first sentence because 'the impact of personal
events' is the author's feelings of 'disgust' and 'hurt'. This
connects with the sentence given in the paragraph and
highlights the emotions that became the real source of
inspiration for the author.
Note that the paragraph uses first person narrative and past
tense. This is why option (c) is clearly incorrect. Also, (c)
pertains specifically to 'writing style'.
Option (d) refers specifically to the writer's relationship with
his characters which is discussed later in the paragraph and
hence cannot be the first sentence. Also, the sentence uses
repetitive words like translated 'on paper'.
49. c B is incorrect. It should be 'cover of the book' and not 'the book
cover'. D uses 'sometime' incorrectly as it means at some
unknown time; it should be 'sometimes' which means
occasionally.
50. d Option (a) is incorrect. 'Subsumed' means to include
(something) under a larger classification or group. Learning
included in the genetic code does not make sense. Moreover,
'primitive' is not suitable for the second blank. The instinctive
behavioural responses cannot be taken as primitive, they are
spontaneous.
Option (b) is incorrect. 'Transient' means lasting for a short
time only. The word does not communicate the meaning properly.
Option (c) is incorrect 'familiar' is not the suitable word for the
second blank. It distorts the meaning of the sentence. Moreover,
learning 'compatible with' genetic code is not the correct
expression.
Option (d), 'dictated by and stereotyped' is the correct answer
as it explains the meaning of the sentence correctly without
distorting the meaning of the sentence. Learning is determined
by the genetic code and it is stereotyped in behaviour.
51. b The passage suggests that 'positive science' is based on
hypotheses contradictory to Kant's propositions which
however does not mean that such hypotheses are false.
Kant's view is about the impossibility of perceiving anything
empirically. This is best reflected in option (b). Option (c) cannot
be inferred from the passage. Option (d) is a general view of
Kant, not specific to 'positive science'.
52. d Option (a) is not the correct answer. It is too extreme and the
author is trying to say that man has a flawed sense of
perception and not that the man knows nothing about himself.
Option (b) is incorrect as the passage suggests, "We know
nothing more than our mode of perceiving them…"., which
means we have very limited knowledge about ourselves.
This leads us to option (d) and at the same time negates option
(c).
53. d Statements (a), (b) and (c) represent activities which have an
empirical validity under natural sciences, but they do not hold
good under Kant's hypothesis, which raises a question on
correctness and the validity of human intuition and observation.
54. d Option (a) is incorrect because it refers to the properties
purchased by the Wrigley family whereas the beginning of
the paragraph refers to one specific mansion that was owned
by them.
Even though it may seem like a good choice, option (b) is
incorrect because the option specifies it was the Wrigley's
mansion and the same is repeated in the given paragraph
'owned by the Wrigleys'. This repetition sounds awkward
and is unnecessary.
Option (c) is not the best choice because it tends to hint that
this was just like any other mansion whereas the details of
the mansion given in the paragraph positively suggest that it
was special. Also, the author is not making any comparison of
this mansion with others.
Option (d) is the best choice because it highlights the main
reason of the author's discussion 'architectural beauty' of
this particular mansion. The author explains the beauty of this
mansion as 'fifteen bedrooms containing unique mahogany
wood work' etc.
55. a In sentence 1, 'slipshod' means haphazard. To complement it
the other word cannot be slower. It has to be 'sloven' which
means untidy or careless in appearance. Further the latter
part also hints at 'sloven' as the needed word, as it states that
every thing must be kept in good repair.
In sentence 2 (B) is correct. The specimens of incrustation (a
crust or coating) shown to geologists, clearly hint that the
origin of the incrustation can be 'igneous'; formed by
solidification from a molten state. (A)- 'Ingenious' which means
- showing inventiveness or adeptness, is a sure misfit for the
sentence.
In sentence 3, 'solecism' means committing a grammatical or
idiomatic error- here it would refer to incorrect semantics.
'Solipsism' is the philosophical theory that the self is all that
you know to exist. In sentence 4, (A) 'crevice' which is a
narrow crack or space, especially in the surface of a rock,
befits the sentence. A 'crevasse' is a very deep crack in the
thick ice of a glacier.
In sentence 5, 'fluting' is the act of incising or making grooves.
This hints that the other word to correspond it should be
'crimping' and not 'crumpling'. 'To crimp' is to make ridges by
pinching together. To 'crumple' means to crush.
56. b The author uses the phrase "to me they throw down the
gauntlet", an expression which suggests "issue a challenge
to someone". So the objects actually pose a challenge to the
author as they are difficult to be categorized or classified.
Option (a) is nowhere implied. Option (c) is incorrect as the
objects seem to have actually pushed the author to hold the
art exhibition. Option (d) cannot be validated as we cannot
infer from the passage that the author has rigid beliefs.
57. a Refer to the initial lines "In terms of my interests that was an
important piece for me to write, because it was really trying to
engage with those questions of loss and also drawing on
psychoanalytic tools of enquiry. I suppose now my own
method or way of thinking doesn't abandon those types of
questions, but I'm more interested in how the artwork itself
does that." It is clear that the author has written something
about "…. loss" and related things. Also it is clear from the
latter parts of the passage that the author is displaying Hesse's
artwork in a contemporary environment. Option (b) does not
connect to the initial lines. The initial lines are about what the
author has written on '…loss'. Even option (c) does not include
a reference to what the author has written. Option (d) would
have been correct if the author had strongly justified that – he
has not completely abandoned his earlier views/ he has
completely abandoned his earlier views. But the tone of the
author makes it clear that he is trying to connect his earlier
views with the present exhibition and not justify something to
someone. Option (a) is a question which asks about the
connection between Hesse's theory, the author's interpretation
and the exhibition. A close observation of the structure of the
initial lines – the author establishing a positive connection
between his writings on Hesse's theory and the exhibition –
leads to option (a) as the correct answer.
58. c The author says that holding the exhibition is akin to writing a
book on Hesse; he nowhere implies that he has any intention
of writing a book on Hesse. D can be gauged by the fact that
the author wants people to cogitate about Hesse's art pieces.
He wants confrontation with the contemporary. So
'constructive enquiry' is one of the objectives of the exhibition.
B is incorrect as the line "In this show what's been important
for me is that I've been working on Hesse for a long time, and
these objects have always been there, have always been
incredibly intriguing, but you don't actually know what they
are." shows that the author has not attained clarity about the
Art pieces of Hesse, inspite of studying them for a long time.
C is also incorrect as the line "But in the end maybe if they test
anything out, they test our capacity to see them as art objects"
shows that it is not easy to visualize the test pieces as objects
of Art. In fact it is a challenge/test to do so.
59. c The word 'precarious' is used by the author to indicate that it
is very difficult to understand Hesse's art pieces. Hence, it
becomes difficult to classify or categorize them. Any
interpretation of these pieces could be slippery. This leads us
to option (c). Option (a) is exaggerated. Option (b) diverts
from the intended meaning of 'precarious'. Also it does not
take into account the fact that any interpretation whether it is
superficial or in-depth is 'precarious' here. Option (d) is
incorrect as the pieces confound everyone not just the layman.
60. c As the second line of the paragraph is "it is not a matter of
chance or coincidence"; 'it' in it refers to a fact. Only option (c)
mentions a fact (blue skies and bright suns usually dominate
the drawings of children).
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