41. 1 3-B makes a correct match. It is the easiest to identify in the
given set. This leaves us with two options (1) and (2). Even
4-A is an easy pair to identify. This leads us to the correct
answer option.
42. 2 4-A is the easiest match to identify from the given set. This
leaves us with two options (1) and (2). On analysing further,
one can easily eliminate (1) in favour of (2) after identifying
the pair 3-D.
43. 1 4-C is the match which is easiest to identify. It leaves us with
two options (1) and (2). On a careful analysis of the remaining
pairs, one can easily choose (1) over option (2) by identifying
2-A as the matching pair.
44. 3 The phrase 'scripted… of 2001' refers to an entity which has
been scripted. Hence the phrase cannot modify the writer as
it seems to do in option (1). In option (2), the phrase incorrectly
modifies 'the Booker prize'. Logically, the novel would have
been scripted and not the Booker prize. In option (4), the
phrase again incorrectly modifies 'The writer'. In option (3),
the phrase correctly modifies 'The Novel'.
45. 2 The given sentence has a two part structure, one starting
with 'listening' and the other which talks about poetry. The
correct option will be one in which the two parts of the
sentence are parallel. In option (1), the second part starts
with Caldo's poetry which is not parallel to the earlier part
which starts with a verb+ing-'listening'. In Option (3), there is
no need to start the sentence with 'so'. The phrase 'just as'
applies equally to both sentence parts, hence starting the
sentence with 'reading' would have sufficed. Option (4)
correctly starts the sentence part with 'reading'. But the first
part of the original sentence ends in a noun, whose meaning
is extended by a phrase. i.e "…..to harmony in the 1840's, a
period bubbling with melodic musicians,". This construction is
not followed by option (4).
46. 4 In the given sentence, the time reference is to a future eventtaking
oath next year. The correct sense of the sentence can
be attained only by emphasizing the completeness of the
actions i.e. by using the future perfect tense for all the actions.
Option (1) incorrectly uses the simple future tense for the
actions of Nicholas and Paul. Option (2) uses 'will' instead of
'would' alongwith a mixture of simple and continuous future
tenses. Option (3) suffers from the error of parallelism as
also from the use of an incorrect tense structure. The second
action of Nicholas–'surpassing' as also Paul's 'will complete'
have to be in future perfect tense to denote the completion of
the actions in future.
47. 3 The opening sentence talks of the moon being an object of
interest to the human beings. The first sentence also mentions
that the moon is 'remote and alien'. Now if we look for a
sentence that would follow the opening sentence, we are
clear that it should talk more about the moon. On examining
sentence D, we can easily identify the connection of the
personal pronoun 'it' to the moon; further the sentence also
elaborates on the imagination of the humans with respect to
the moon, this suitably relates to the aspect of the moon being
'remote and alien'. Sentence B gives a contrast to the human
imagination mentioned in D, which talks of the moon being
perceived by the humans as a 'place of absence'. Therefore
B would follow D. C further highlights the 'unearthly beauty'
mentioned in B, when viewed by a human-eye through a
powerful pair of binoculars. A talks about 'the beauty of such
a moment', which refers to the 'captivating vision' of the moon
that the viewer gets through binoculars on a clear night as
described in statement C. Also, in A the words 'the viewer's
capacity' relate to the people using binoculars, thus making
CA the mandatory pair. In Sentence A the words 'instead with
the viewer's capacity to appreciate' relates to 'experience a
kind of euphoria' in the last sentence-6, which is fixed. This
gives us the sequence DBCA.
48. 3 The opening sentence talks of the European Sanskrit scholars
taking up Sanskrit studies more out of fascination for the
subject rather than exhibiting a critical ability for the same. On
scrutinizing the sentences to supplement as a continuing
statement we can pick up B as 'they knew a little' clearly
justifies the opening statement. Statement A aptly follows B as
it talks of the fanciful notions ascribed to Shakuntala being
the high watermark of Indian philosophy. Statement D continues
the discussion further. It validates the author's criticism of the
treatement accorded towards Sanskrit by the Europeans; it
brings to the fore another brand of people, 'the superficial
critics' who went on to 'ridicule everything from the East'. DC
is a mandatory pair as 'these' in C refers to the 'critics'
mentioned in D. Moreover, C continues the idea mentioned in
D. Thus, BADC is the correct sequence.
49. 1 The opening sentence talks about the ancestary of FitzGerald.
Sentence A establishes the claim of FitzGerald being a dilettante
made in the opening sentence. In sentence B, Edward Said's
statement 'such interests directed scholarships' refers to the
'translations' mentioned in sentence A. This makes AB a
mandatory pair. Sentence C follows B as the various
professions mentioned in C refer to the word 'scholars' already
mentioned in B. CD again becomes a mandatory pair as the
words 'in this' mentioned in D refers to the movement of coeterie
of various learned people alongwith the army to the Middle
East. Moreover, the 'he' in sentence 6 refers to FitzGerald
mentioned in sentence D; the last sentence also reveals the
true interests of FitzGerald.
50. 3 Option (1) is incorrect. The seals and amulets were left by
people between 2600 B.C to 1900 B.C.. Option (2) neither
supports nor weakens the claim in the question. We are
concerned with the sequence of the symbols on the seals in
Mesopotamia. Option (4) is not indicated or mentioned
anywhere in the passage. Option (3) by far represents a
strong evidence to support the claim that the Indus script is a
language. Since the order is different, it has led to the inference
that the symbols were used to represent different information
in West Asia as compared to the representation of information
in the Indus valley.
51. 4 The tone of the article is not very technical and is very similar
to the tone of an article in a magazine. The passage talks
about a research but the passage itself is not a research
paper owing to its non-technical treatment. It is almost like the
headline of an article or the opening paragraph which creates
interest in an article. The passage is informative in its tone and
hence it is most likely to be from an article in a magazine that
informs people about recent scientific advances towards
deciphering the Indus Valley script.
52. 4 The passage is not only about the Indus valley script; it mainly
discusses the findings of the researchers who apply
mathematical models and computers in order to decipher the
Indus Valley script. Option (1) is incomplete to encompass the
idea of the passage. Options (2) and (3) are erroneous as
they call the script-a language. The researchers are trying to
find out whether the script really is a language. Option (4) is
apt for the passage. It encompasses the subject matter of the
passage. In the passage we have researchers using
technology-to decipher an ancient script- the Indus valley
script.
53. 2 Option (1) is necessarily an assumption on which the whole
research is based. If Language need not have a structure
then the model would fail. Option (3) is again an assumption
as the research is based on the fact that the model is
reasonably accurate. Option (4) is also an assumption in the
passage. The presence of rules has supported the claim of
the researchers. But option (2) is not an assumption. It is part
of the claim and it is a conclusion which is strengthened by
the evidence and the results of the mathematical model.
54. 2 Option (1) is incorrect as it cannot be inferred. It could be one
of the claims of Benveniste's research. The passage,
concludes that the worthiness and excellence of
homeopathetic drugs is not yet accepted with certainty. Hence
option (1) is improprable. Option (2) is correct as it can be
inferred from the passage. Read the lines, 'The issues of
miracle cures with different dilutions become questionable
when such claims are examined in the absence of any placebo
or control studies..... However, homeopathic drug
standardization based on scientific metrics is needed for
research and reproducibility for routine clinical practice.' This
proves that homeopathy has failed to establish the validity of
its dilutions' effects in general research settings. And the
common denominator to all such failures can be attributed to
the absence of standardization of drug dilutions based on
scientific metrics. Option (3) is incorrect as it is a far-fetched
assumption. Although the passage provides evidence that
homeopaths usually claim to achieve curative effects by using
homeopathic substances, however it nowhere suggests that
they or their ideas are inspired by Benveniste's idea of digital
homeopathy and so they are willing to sell such remedies
over the internet. Option (4) is incorrect as it seems prejudiced
and unconvincing. Although Dr. Jacques' research or discovery
of Digital Biology presented weighty arguments and seemed
appealing to the intellect but there is no evidence provided in
the passage which proves that he was ignored/prejudged or
misinterpreted due to any 'bigoted viewpoint'.
55. 3 Option (1) 'Could water really have a memory?' voices one of
the main aspects of the discussion but limits the scope of the
passage. Options (2) and (4) are unable to evoke the basic
underlying theme of the passage. For sure, it is evident from
the passage that Homeopathy takes a different approach
from conventional medicine in diagnosing, classifying, and
treating medical problems. Moreover treatment in homeopathy
is individualized (tailored to each person). Hence to call it
Alternative or unconventional medicine, is correct.The
homeopathic dilutions are not apprehended with certainty. A
suitable title is meant to encompass the entire jist of the
passage. Option (3) aptly does the same.
56. 3 Dr. Jacques' discovery of Digital Biology is serendipity. Option
(1) is out of scope. One cannot help but sense the potential
treasure-trove of knowledge that further research in
homeopathy and nanopharmacology may bring in this
millennium. However to call this discovery as a treasuretrove
of tall-tales seems incorrect as saying this would mean
carping or ridiculing the significance of the discovery itself.
Option (2) is negated as it is subject to confutation. The
discovery was also not a result of any haphazard or random
thought. A fluke is a quirk of fate; something good (which was
desired or intended to be achieved) that has happened and is
the result of chance instead of skill. Dr. Jacques' discovery of
Digital Biology was an unintended and a fortunate discovery
which happened by accident. For certain this was a
serendipitous discovery and not a fluke, hence option (4) is
also negated.
57. 1 Option (2) is incorrect as although the passage is an
examination of the discussed subject- 'Homeopathy/ Digital
Biology', the passage doesn't convey any severe disapproval
of Homeopathy or Digital Biology. Option (3) is unconvincing
as the passage does not give any cautionary advice or
warning. Moreover, the author's approach is not at all
admonitory, rather it is analytical. Option (4) - 'interpretative
dissertation' is objectionable. A 'dissertation' is a long piece of
writing on a particular subject, especially one that is done as
a part of a course at college or university. The passage gives
no hint of that neither does it interpret anything. The author's
style of writing is neither harsh nor does it display use of any
word or phrase to avoid saying anything which could be
unpleasant or offensive. The passage is analytical and tends
to examine the case very carefully. The passage is most likely
to be a medical discourse.
58. 4 It can be inferred from the lines 'In this way economists used
the competitive model as the major road map of their world.'
and 'The growth theory of the time resulted in the emergence
of a new and qualitatively different kind of modeling, with
qualitatively different mathematics; but it was still accompanied
by a stubbornly unchanged economics.' that the economics
part of the growth theory was similar to the 'old economics'.
Option (1) cannot be inferred as it is stated that 'economists
used the competitive model as the major road map of their
world.' Option (2) again cannot be inferred as the old economics
sort of clung to the growth theory. Regarding option (3), we
cannot say that the competitive model was the main prejudice
on which the old economics was based – but we can say
that the model was one of the tenets of the old economics.
59. 3 Option (1) is incorrect as growth theory did not entirely negate
the models and tenets of the 'old economics'. Option (2) is
exaggerated. The passage does talk about the fact that the
growth theory is not entirely convincing but this does not
mean that the growth theory has only created confusion.
Regarding option (4), the passage talks only about the initial
phase of growth theory. It has not sufficiently discussed the
progressive changes that growth theory brought about. Only
option (3) correctly describes the phase in which the passage
is. It is true that the models of growth theory were not entirely
convincing.
60. 2 Option (1) can be inferred from the models that Solow talks
about in Para 2. Option (3) refers to residual growth. The line
'Edward Denison's (1962) Sources of Economic Growth and
the Alternatives Before Us, which followed Solow's
methodology in calculation of growth residuals, made
estimates of the effects of increased education' makes it
clear that Solow had talked a methodology for calculating
residual growth. Option (4) can be inferred from Para 2 where
it is said that the old economics rigidly clung to the growth
theory. The mathematics part can be easily inferred from the
discussion. But option (2) cannot be inferred. Refer to the line
in the third para-'There was no analysis as to how different
qualities of goods (in the case of growth theory, different
qualities of capital) would affect markets', which makes this
clear.
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